August 25, 2025
Movement is not just a product of muscles—but of intelligence, adaptation, and neuroplasticity. Behind every step, breath, or posture adjustment lies a highly coordinated symphony orchestrated by the central nervous system (CNS). When functioning optimally, this system processes sensory data, plans motor output, and dynamically corrects execution. But when maladjusted, it can give rise to inefficient patterns, compensation chains, and ultimately pain or dysfunction.
Circular Control: How the Brain Manages Movement
According to N.A. Bernstein, movement is guided by a circular scheme of sensory feedback and correction. The brain doesn’t merely “command” movement—it monitors and corrects it in real time based on continuous input from muscles, joints, ligaments, fascia, vision, and vestibular systems.
Even during well-learned tasks like walking, the CNS adjusts each iteration based on both internal conditions (fatigue, inflammation) and external variables (terrain, footwear). This makes every repetition a new motor solution, adapted moment-to-moment.
Hierarchical Control of Motion
Bernstein identified five levels of motion synthesis, each governed by a specific part of the nervous system:
- Level A: Muscle tone regulation (e.g., shivering)
- Level B: Synergy and coordination of tension
- Level C: Whole-body spatial movement (e.g., walking, running)
- Level D: Object-oriented actions (e.g., reaching, manipulation)
- Level E: Intellectual motor skills (e.g., writing, speaking)
These layers work in parallel and hierarchically to ensure adaptive, stable, and meaningful movement, from basic postural reflexes to complex tasks like sports performance or typing.
When Things Go Wrong: Neurological Maladjustment and Compensation
Neurological maladjustment occurs when the CNS is no longer able to interpret incoming sensory data accurately or produce appropriate motor output. This can lead to:
- Overactivation of compensatory muscle groups
- Faulty reflex pathways
- Inhibited primary movers
- Abnormal joint loading
- Poor motor learning and reinforcement of dysfunctional patterns
The causes of this maladjustment are multifactorial:
- Mechanical injuries (acute or chronic)
- Sensory receptor damage or distortion
- Emotional stress (chronic sympathetic dominance)
- Visceral dysfunction
- Retained primitive reflexes
- Incorrectly learned or rehearsed movement patterns
- Passive lifestyles or overuse of isolated movement
- Tattoos and piercings (which may disrupt fascial and proprioceptive continuity)
These can lead to non-optimal statics and dynamics, with altered gait, postural compensations, and increased injury risk.
Disordered Proprioception: The Hidden Root
At the heart of maladjustment lies dysfunctional sensory feedback—whether from:
- Stretch receptors in ligaments
- Muscle spindles
- Joint capsule mechanoreceptors
- Cutaneous nociceptors
- Scars and tattoos (especially when unilateral or segmentally connected)
Around any given joint, you may find multiple layers of disturbed proprioception, even when pain is absent. A single disrupted receptor—whether from past injury, poor coordination, or fascial interference—can alter CNS interpretation and provoke maladaptive compensation.
The Reprogramming Process: Cleaning Neural Pathways
True recovery requires identifying and reprogramming primary dysfunctional receptors. Without this, you’re only treating the symptom—not the system.
✅ This involves:
- Precise neurological assessments (e.g., muscle testing, reflex mapping)
- Soft tissue therapy to restore fascial signaling
- Neuro-reprogramming techniques (e.g., NKT, P-DTR)
- Functional movement retraining with correct motor patterns
- Addressing asymmetries and load distribution in real-time movement
Only by restoring clear, accurate communication between the CNS and the body can we optimize movement, eliminate compensation, and return to pain-free function.
References
Bernstein, N. A. (1947). On the motion synthesis. Moscow: Medgiz.
Palomar, J., & Svet, M. (2018). Biomechanics and neurology of movements in functional training. Diabetes Complications, 2(1), 1–7.
Latash, M. L. (2008). Neurophysiological basis of movement (2nd ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Final Thought
“The nervous system doesn’t just execute movement—it adapts, remembers, compensates, and learns. The key is teaching it the right lessons.”
Have you encountered a case where pain or poor performance was rooted in neurological maladjustment rather than muscle strength? Let’s discuss.